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Micronutrient Initiative
The Micronutrient Initiative (MI) is an international not for profit agency based in Canada that works to eliminate vitamin and mineral deficiencies in developing countries.〔Plus 5 Review of the 2002 Special Session on Children and World Fit for Children Plan of Action: Response by Canada, p. 16.〕 Although often only required by the body in very small amounts, vitamin and minerals - also known as micronutrients - support an array of critical biological functions including growth, immune function and eye function, as well as foetal development of the brain, the nervous system, and the skeletal system. Micronutrient deficiency is a form of malnutrition and is a recognized health problem in many developing countries. Globally, more than two billion people live with vitamin and mineral deficiencies.〔Flour Fortification Initiative, GAIN, Micronutrient Initiative, USAID, The World Bank, UNICEF, Investing in the Future: A United Call to Action on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies, 2009, p. 1〕
==History==
In 1990, leaders attending the World Summit for Children set the goal of virtually eliminating micronutrient deficiencies.〔UNICEF, Plan of Action for Implementing the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children in the 1990s, #13.〕 In 1992, ''Micronutrient Initiative'' was established as a secretariat within the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), based in Ottawa, Canada, to support progress toward that goal. In 1993 IDRC recruited an executive director for the secretariat and transferred 2–3 of its staff to the new organization.〔Sanghvi T, Ross J, Heymann H., "Why is reducing vitamin and mineral deficiencies critical for development?" Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2007, 28(1S), p. 167.〕 Venkatesh Mannar took over in June 1994 as the executive director. Until 2000, MI was governed by a steering committee composed of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Development Research Centre, UNICEF, The World Bank, and USAID. In 2000, MI became an independent not-for-profit organization.〔UNICEF Canada, Global Child Survival and Health: A 50-year Progress Report from UNICEF Canada, p. 68.〕 (Joel Spicer ) became President in February 2014.〔http://www.micronutrient.org/English/view.asp?x=656&id=113〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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